European Charter of Cistercian Abbeys and Sites 

Nine centuries of history - a considerable heritage

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modernity and progress in a multitude of areas. We owe the first generations of Cistercians a debt of gratitude for the buildings that still profoundly mark our towns and territories with their sober and harmonious presence.

This golden age came to an abrupt end 

Stones raised in the four corners of the continent. Stones raised by the will of the Cistercians during a great peaceful interlude of two and a half centuries between the very long turbulent post-Roman period and the appearance of the Black Death. A history that, all in all, is anything but linear.

The beginnings were not easy. At the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries, no one could have predicted that these dissident Benedictine monks would succeed in their quest for independence. Returning to the letter of the rule laid down by Benedict of Nursia was no easy task; in other words, this launch was tangential. However, from its fifteenth year onwards, the spread of the New Monastery was rapid and radical.

During this long period, the majority of Cistercian foundations were established in isolated valley bottoms. These were very favourable decades. The Cistercians methodically wove a tightly knit web across the four corners of the European continent. They became indispensable in religious, diplomatic, political and economic terms.

And we are faced with the paradox of a new monastic order that seemed to look to the past, yet had a profound impact on medieval society, bringing 

At the end of this long and tumultuous tunnel, the Cistercian order was a shadow of its former self. Foundations were rare and often distant.

Tempers eventually calmed and an attempt at renewal took place. Here and there, rebuilding began on the ruins, and sometimes even magnificent buildings whose medieval architecture was described as ‘barbaric’ were razed to the ground. And while this movement of renewal ran out of steam during the eighteenth century, the world changed and minds evolved, while institutions weakened by immobility imagined that they were there for eternity. For the Cistercians, instability set in for decades.

 As a result, the Cistercian monumental heritage fell into disrepair: poorly maintained, too many buildings and structures were abandoned. But during the 19th century, with the help of the Romantic spirit, attention turned once again to this heritage. And to this day, restoration and development work continues, and new uses for the buildings are saving many abbeys from ruin.

Although Cistercian communities are now small, their legacy to our societies is no less significant.

in the mid-14th century. Expansion was halted by the combination of the Black Death, a Little Ice Age and the ruinous Hundred Years' War. These cataclysmic events did not result in the decimation of populations, but in a bloodbath: millions of deaths. Populations were reduced by half or two-thirds. Obviously, the Cistercian communities suffered during these chaotic times of upheaval. Many abbeys were temporarily abandoned, and far too many would be abandoned permanently.

Then, calm returned and life slowly resumed. For the Cistercian order, foundations were re-established, but never at the frenetic pace seen before.

But already, a century and a half after the epidemic had died down, a new period of turmoil was brewing. Between supporters of the ‘Reformation’ and those of the status quo, tempers were  

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A story taking shape

running high. The tone became heated, and soon the smell of burning stakes filled the public squares. A period of intolerance prevailed and thwarted the spirit of the Renaissance, a spirit that was bringing about profound changes in the post-medieval society that was taking shape. 

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cannot help but be influenced by our societies, we must take into account that two generations have passed during the last half-century.

Of course, this positive observation does not mean that history is definitively written.

On the contrary, each recent piece of research shows us that the more we are able to increase our focus, the more new questions emerge. And these questions in turn encourage further research.

The members of the Charter contribute to this positive movement for Cistercian knowledge; they are generally very enthusiastic. While being active participants, they mobilise local resources or resources from a wider area. With its resources, the Charter contributes to the dissemination of this work.

Interest in Cistercian history has remained strong since 1998, when the 900th anniversary of the founding of Cîteaux was celebrated. A review of academic writings published from the 1980s to the present day reveals a striking evolution in the historical approach to the ‘Cistercian world’.

Broadly speaking, the Cistercian image of these nine centuries has evolved from a simplified, even reductive vision to a more nuanced and enlightened expression, in light of a reality that is now considered more complex.

This evolution is the result of historiographical and archaeological research that has enriched the body of studies year after year. So much so that the sharpness of the overview and the reconstruction of historical dynamics produce a much more dynamic, contrasting and less naïve or apologetic portrait. And while the historical perspective 

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